Enterprise Architecture & Digital Transformation

TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Phase Structure

Preliminary Phase

• Framework Establishment: Architecture framework setup and customization
• Architecture Principles: Fundamental principles and governance establishment
• Architecture Repository: Knowledge base and artifact repository setup
• Architecture Capability: Team structure and skills assessment

Architecture Vision (Phase A)

architecture_vision:
  stakeholder_analysis:
    - business_sponsors
    - it_leadership
    - end_users
    - external_partners
  
  business_scenarios:
    - current_challenges
    - future_opportunities
    - transformation_drivers
    - success_criteria
  
  architecture_charter:
    - scope_definition
    - principles_adoption
    - governance_approach
    - success_measures

Business Architecture (Phase B)

• Business Strategy: Mission, vision, and strategic objectives analysis
• Business Model: Value proposition and revenue model architecture
• Organizational Structure: Roles, responsibilities, and reporting structures
• Business Processes: End-to-end process modeling and optimization
• Business Functions: Capability mapping and function decomposition

Information Systems Architecture (Phase C)

Data Architecture

• Conceptual Data Model: High-level entity relationships
• Logical Data Model: Detailed data structures and relationships
• Data Governance: Data quality, stewardship, and lifecycle management
• Master Data Management: Single source of truth for critical business entities

Application Architecture

• Application Portfolio: Current and target application landscapes
• Application Integration: Inter-application communication patterns
• Application Services: Reusable service identification and design
• Application Lifecycle: Development, deployment, and retirement strategies

Technology Architecture (Phase D)

• Infrastructure Services: Compute, storage, and network services
• Platform Services: Operating systems, middleware, and databases
• Network Architecture: Connectivity, security, and performance
• Security Architecture: Identity, access, and data protection

Business Architecture Modeling

Business Capability Modeling

Capability Hierarchy

Level 1: Core Business Functions
├── Customer Management
│   ├── Customer Acquisition
│   ├── Customer Service
│   └── Customer Retention
├── Product Management
│   ├── Product Development
│   ├── Product Marketing
│   └── Product Support
└── Operations Management
    ├── Supply Chain
    ├── Manufacturing
    └── Quality Assurance

Value Stream Mapping

• Current State Mapping: Existing process flow and waste identification
• Future State Design: Optimized process with technology enablement
• Transformation Planning: Gap analysis and implementation roadmap
• Performance Metrics: KPI definition and measurement framework

Operating Model Design

Business Operating Model Canvas

operating_model:
  value_propositions:
    - customer_segments
    - value_delivery_mechanisms
    - revenue_models
  
  capabilities:
    - core_capabilities
    - supporting_capabilities
    - enabling_capabilities
  
  organization:
    - governance_structure
    - decision_rights
    - accountability_framework
  
  processes:
    - core_processes
    - supporting_processes
    - management_processes

Digital Transformation Architecture

Transformation Strategy

Digital Maturity Assessment

• Current State Analysis: Technology, process, and cultural maturity
• Digital Readiness: Change capacity and transformation capability
• Gap Analysis: Maturity gaps and improvement opportunities
• Maturity Roadmap: Staged approach to digital transformation

Technology Modernization

# Example: Legacy system modernization assessment
class LegacyModernizationStrategy:
    def __init__(self, system_portfolio):
        self.systems = system_portfolio
        self.strategies = {
            'retire': [],
            'retain': [],
            'rehost': [],
            'refactor': [],
            'rearchitect': [],
            'rebuild': [],
            'replace': []
        }
    
    def assess_system(self, system):
        assessment = {
            'business_value': self.assess_business_value(system),
            'technical_health': self.assess_technical_health(system),
            'modernization_effort': self.estimate_effort(system),
            'risk_level': self.assess_risk(system)
        }
        
        strategy = self.recommend_strategy(assessment)
        self.strategies[strategy].append(system)
        
        return strategy, assessment

Integration Architecture

Enterprise Integration Patterns

• Point-to-Point Integration: Direct system connections
• Hub-and-Spoke: Centralized integration hub
• Enterprise Service Bus (ESB): Message-oriented middleware
• API Gateway: Centralized API management and security

Data Integration Architecture

• Extract-Transform-Load (ETL): Traditional batch data processing
• Extract-Load-Transform (ELT): Modern cloud-based processing
• Change Data Capture (CDC): Real-time data synchronization
• Event Streaming: Real-time event-driven architecture

Architecture Governance

Governance Framework

Architecture Board

• Charter and Authority: Decision-making scope and authority
• Composition: Stakeholder representation and expertise
• Processes: Review, approval, and compliance processes
• Artifacts: Standards, guidelines, and reference architectures

Architecture Compliance

compliance_framework:
  architecture_standards:
    - technology_standards
    - design_patterns
    - security_requirements
    - performance_criteria
  
  review_processes:
    - architecture_review_board
    - design_reviews
    - implementation_reviews
    - post_implementation_reviews
  
  metrics_and_kpis:
    - architecture_debt
    - standard_compliance
    - reuse_metrics
    - cost_optimization

Portfolio Management

Application Portfolio Analysis

• Business Value Assessment: Revenue impact and strategic importance
• Technical Health: Code quality, performance, and maintainability
• Cost Analysis: Total cost of ownership and operational expenses
• Risk Assessment: Security, compliance, and operational risks

Rationalization Strategies

• Consolidation: Reducing application redundancy
• Standardization: Common platforms and technologies
• Modernization: Legacy system updates and migrations
• Optimization: Performance and cost improvements

Enterprise Architecture Tools

Modeling and Documentation

• ArchiMate: Enterprise architecture modeling language
• BPMN: Business process modeling notation
• UML: Unified modeling language for system design
• ERD: Entity relationship diagrams for data modeling

Repository and Collaboration

• Architecture Repository: Centralized artifact storage
• Collaboration Platforms: Stakeholder engagement and communication
• Version Control: Architecture artifact versioning
• Impact Analysis: Change impact assessment tools